Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone under heat and pressure. It is prized for its beauty and used in sculpture and architecture. Marble displays beautiful veining patterns and comes in various colors including white, pink, and green, making it one of the most elegant building stones.
Physical Properties of Marble
| Texture | Crystalline |
| Colors | White, pink, green, gray, black (with veining) |
| Magnetism | Non-magnetic |
| Grain Size | Medium to coarse-grained |
| Hardness | 3 – 4 |
| Density | 2.6 – 2.8 g/cm³ |
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Chemical Properties of Marble
Main Elements:
Ca, C, O, Mg
Chemical Composition:
Primarily CaCO₃ (Calcium Carbonate), sometimes with MgCO₃ (Dolomite)
Health Risk of Marble
Marble dust can cause respiratory irritation. Generally safe, but wear masks when cutting or polishing.
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Market Price:
Polished: $1 – $20+ per piece (varies greatly by quality)
Raw/Tumbled: $2 – $15 per piece
Characteristics of Marble
Density:
2.6 – 2.8 g/cm³
Compressive Strength:
70 – 280 MPa
Melting Point:
825°C (decomposes)
Formation:
Forms when limestone is transformed by heat and pressure deep underground. The recrystallization creates the characteristic interlocking crystal structure.
Composition:
Composed primarily of calcite or dolomite crystals that have recrystallized from limestone.
Types:
- Carrara Marble
- Calacatta Marble
- Statuary Marble
- Dolomitic Marble
Etymology:
Derived from the Greek word "marmaros" meaning "shining stone" or "crystalline rock".
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Cultural Significance of Marble
Uses:
- Sculptures
- Building facades
- Kitchen countertops
- Monuments
- Flooring
Distribution:
Found in Italy, Greece, Turkey, United States (Vermont), and other regions with limestone deposits
Historical Use:
Used for thousands of years in art and architecture. Michelangelo's famous David statue was carved from a single block of Carrara marble.
Symbolism:
Represents elegance, purity, and timeless beauty
Frequently Asked Questions
What is marble used for?
Marble is used in sculptures, building facades, kitchen countertops, monuments, and flooring due to its beauty and workability.
Why is marble expensive?
High-quality marble is expensive due to its rarity, the cost of extraction, cutting, and polishing. Some varieties like Calacatta are extremely rare.
Is marble durable?
Marble is relatively soft (hardness 3-4) and can be scratched or etched by acids. It requires careful maintenance but can last for centuries when properly cared for.
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