Limestone

Main Elements:

Ca, C, O

Chemical Composition:

Primarily CaCO₃ (Calcium Carbonate) - 90% or more

Density:

2.3-2.7 g/cm³

Compressive Strength:

20-200 MPa

Melting Point:

825°C (decomposes)

Formation:

Forms in marine environments from the accumulation of shells, coral, and other calcium carbonate-rich materials over millions of years.

Composition:

Composed primarily of calcite (CaCO₃) or aragonite, often with fossils preserved within.

Types:

• Fossiliferous Limestone
• Oolitic Limestone
• Chalk
• Travertine
• Coquina

Etymology:

Derived from the Latin word "limus" meaning "mud" or "slime", referring to its origin from marine sediments.

Uses:

• Construction
• Cement production
• Steel manufacturing
• Glass making
• Building facades

Distribution:

Found worldwide, especially in ancient marine environments

Historical Use:

Used for thousands of years in construction. The Great Pyramid of Giza contains over 2 million limestone blocks!

Symbolism:

Represents permanence, strength, and Earth's history

What is limestone used for?

Limestone is used in construction, cement production, steel manufacturing, glass making, and as a building material. It's one of the most important industrial rocks.

Does limestone react with acid?

Yes, limestone reacts with acids, producing carbon dioxide bubbles. This is a key identifying feature - drop vinegar on limestone and it will fizz!

Can limestone contain fossils?

Yes! Many limestones are fossiliferous, meaning they contain preserved fossils of marine organisms like shells, coral, and ancient sea creatures.