Granite
Granite is one of the most recognizable and widely used rocks on Earth. Known for its distinctive speckled appearance, granite typically displays colors ranging from white and pink to gray, often with visible mineral crystals. This durable stone has been used for centuries in construction, monuments, and kitchen countertops. Found naturally in formations like Yosemite's Half Dome, granite forms the foundation of many continental landmasses.
Physical Properties of Granite
| Texture | Phaneritic |
| Colors | White, Pink, Gray (sometimes colored) |
| Magnetism | Potentially magnetic |
| Grain Size | Coarse-grained |
| Hardness | 6 – 7 (hard) |
| Density | 2.65 – 2.75 g/cm³ (normal) |
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Chemical Properties of Granite
Main Elements:
Al, Na, K, O
Chemical Composition:
SiO₂ 72%, Al₂O₃ 14%, K₂O 4%, Na₂O 3%, CaO 1.5%, FeO 2%, MgO 0.5%, TiO₂ 0.5%, P₂O₅ 0.2%
Health Risk of Granite
Granite can produce fine dust (Crystalline Silica) when cut or polished, which may cause respiratory issues. Some granite contains trace amounts of uranium and potassium-40, which can emit radon gas. Always wear a dust mask when cutting granite and avoid long-term inhalation of dust particles.
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Market Price:
Polished: $0.25 – $2 per piece (2.5 cm polished)
Raw/Tumbled: $3 – $10 per piece (raw/tumbled)
Characteristics of Granite
Density:
2.65 – 2.75 g/cm³
Compressive Strength:
130 – 300 MPa
Melting Point:
1215 – 1260°C
Formation:
Forms deep within the Earth (plutonic) during mountain building. Commonly found in Precambrian formations, forming the base rock of continents.
Composition:
Composed of quartz, feldspar (alkali and plagioclase), and mica. The interlocking crystal structure gives granite its strength.
Types:
- S-Type Granite
- A-Type Granite
- Two-Mica Granite
- Alkali Feldspar Granite
Etymology:
Derived from the Latin word "granum" meaning "grain", referring to its granular texture.
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Cultural Significance of Granite
Uses:
- Construction
- Kitchen countertops
- Stairs
- Columns
- Walls
- Sculptures
- Monuments
Distribution:
Widely distributed in continental crust worldwide
Historical Use:
Used for centuries in architecture and art, from ancient Egyptian pyramids to modern buildings
Symbolism:
Represents durability, strength, and permanence
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of rock is granite?
Granite is an igneous rock that forms from cooled magma deep beneath the Earth's surface. It is classified as a plutonic rock due to its formation process.
Why is granite expensive?
Granite's cost comes from the mining, cutting, polishing, and transportation processes. High-quality granite with unique patterns and colors commands premium prices.
What is granite used for?
Granite is primarily used in construction, kitchen countertops, monuments, sculptures, and architectural elements due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Is granite harmful to health?
Granite itself is safe, but cutting or polishing can create silica dust. Some granite may emit trace amounts of radon gas. Proper ventilation and dust masks are recommended when working with granite.
Which granite is the best or rarest?
The rarest granites include Blue Bahia, Van Gogh Granite, and other exotic varieties with unique colors and patterns. The "best" depends on intended use and personal preference.
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